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cbse notes for class 10th science ||Science class-10th notes chemical reaction and Equations

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chemical reactions and equations →The process in which new substances with new properties are formed from one or more substance is called chemical reaction. •The substances which take part in chemical reaction are called reactants. •The substances which are formed in a chemical reaction are called Products. Examples:- (I)Digestion of food (II)Respiration (III)Rusting of iron (IV)Burning of magnesium ribbon (V)Formation of curd Chemical reaction involves: •change in state  •change in colour •change in temperature •Evolution of gas →chemical Equation  •A chemical reation can be represented by chemical equation.It involves used of symbol of elements or chemical formula of reactants and product with mention of physical state. •The necessary conditions such as temperature, pressure or any catalyst should be written on arrow between reactant and products.eg magnesium is burnt in air to form magnesium oxide.                    Mg +o²→ Mgo balancing chemical equations • law of conservation of
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Cbse notes for class 10th Science||Notes Metals and non-metals chapter-3 school

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Metal and Non Metal •Elements can be Classified as metals and non-metals on the basis of their properties. •Example of some metals are: Iron(Fe), Aluminium(Al) Silver(Ag), Copper(Cu) •Example of some non-metals are: Hydrogen(H), Nitrogen(N), Sulphure(S)  ,Oxygen(O) difference between metal and non metal Physical properties of metals 1.lustre: Metals have shining surface. 2.Hardness: They are generally hard.Except sodium,lithium and Potassium which are soft and can be cut with knife. 3.state: Exist as solids.Except Mercury. 4.Malleability: Metals can be beaten into thin sheets.gold and silver are the most malleable metals. 5.Ductility: Metals can be drawn into thin wires. 6.Conductor of heat and electricity: Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.Silver(Ag) and copper(Cu):Best conductors of heat.lead(Pb), mercury(Hg)poor conductor of heat. 7.Density: Generally have high density and high melting point.Except sodium and Potassium. 8.Sonorous: Metals produce a sound on strikin
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Notes of chapter -2 science chapter-2 Acids,Bases and salts

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Acids,Bases and salts Notes class 10th Science • These are the substances which have sour taste. •They turn blue litmus solution to Red. •They give H+ ions in aqueous solution. •The term 'acid' has been derived from the Latin word , acids, which means sour. Strong Acid: HCl, H²SO⁴, HNO³ Weak Acid: CH³COOH, oxalic acid, lactic acid. Concentrated Acid: Having more amount of acid+less amount of water. Dilute Acid: Having more amount of water+less amount of acid. Bases: •They are the substances which are bitter in taste and soapy in touch. •They turn red litmus solution to blue. •They give H- ions in aqueous solution. Strong Bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)² Weak Bases: Na⁴OH Alkalis: These are bases which are soluble in water [NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)²] Salts: These are Compound formed from reaction of acid and base. Example:NaCl, KCl. Indicator: These are the substance which change colour/smell in different types of substances.                 Type of Indicators Natural Indicator: Formed in na
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Cbse social science notes

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Cbse social science Notes (Political Science) Chapter-1 Power Sharing class-10 Belgium Geographical Position: It is small country in Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, France and Germany. Area and Population: It is smaller in area than the indian state of haryana.Its population is a little over one crore, about half of the state of haryana of the country 's total population. Ethnic Composition:59% live in Flemish region and speak Dutch, 40℅ live in wallonia region and speak French and remaining 1℅ speak German. Capital: Brussels where 80℅ speak  French and 20℅ speak Dutch. → Important Point: In Brussels, the Dutch -speaking people are in a minority which is the opposite for the rest of the country, where they are in majority. → The majority population of French -speaking people was richer than the Dutch -speaking people.The majority Community were given benefits much later.This led to tension between the two communities in the 1950s and 1960s.Tension was more acute in the capital
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Cbse class-10th notes science||control and coordination

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Chapter-7 biology Control and Coordination ●All the living organisms respond and react to changes in the environment around them. ●The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called stimuli such as light,heat,cold,sound,smell,touch etc. ●Both plants and animals are respond to stimuli but in a different manner. Control and Coordination in Animals It is brought about in all animals with the help of two main systems: (a)Nervous system (b)Endocine system Nervous system ◆Control and coordination are provided by nervous and muscular tissues. ◆Nervous tissue is made up of an organized network of nerve cells or neurons ,and is specialized for Conducting information via electrical impulses from one part to the body to another. Receptor: Are specialized tips of some nerve cells that detect the information from the environment .These receptors are located in our sense organs . ◆ Ear:   •Photoreceptors               •Hearing                •Balance of the body ◆ Eye
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cbse notes for class 10th science || Notes class-10th science chapter-6

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Chapter-6 Science notes life Processes •All living things perform certain life processes like growth, excretion, respiration, circulation etc. •All the processes like respiration, digestion, which together keep the living organisms alive and perform the job of body maintenance are called life Processes. Example Life Processes -Growth -Digestion -Respiration -Circulation -Excretion I.     Nutrition (The whole process by which an  organism obtain it's food) Nutrition in plants •Plants are autographs. •can make their own food. Nutrition in Animals •Animals are hetrotrophs. •Depends on plants or other animals for their food. Mode of Nutrition Autrotrophic This kind of nutrition in which inorganic material like Co², water etc.are utilised to prepare organic food by the process of photosynthesis. E.g green plants. Hetrotrophic This kind of nutrition in which organisms do not possess the ability to synthesize their own food.They depend on autograph for their supply directly or indirectly.
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Cbse notes class-10th social science sectors of the indian economy

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The Cbse notes social science class-10th Chapter-2  Sector of the Indian Economy (Economic) Sectors of Economic Activities →All activities that gave an income in return are called economic activities.Example , people going for work in factories , banks,schools etc. →Economic activities can be classified into different sectors on the basis of nature of work. • Primary sector: Goods which are produced by exploiting natural resources come under the category of primary sector .This sector is also called agriculture and related sector eg-Cotton which is a natural product. • Secondary sector:  Transformation of one good into another comes under the category of secondary sector. Manufacturing is one of the important components of this sector. Example:  Transformation of sugarcane into sugar. •Tertiary sector: All production units producing services which help in the development of primary and secondary sectors come under the category of tertiary sector.This is known as service sector. Example
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Family Backgroung of Ratan Tata

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  FAMILY   BACKGROUND The Parsi community is believed to have lived in Persia (present – day Iran) hundreds of years ago.Their people gradually spread to all the countries of the world based on trade industry.In the same sequence, the Parsis also arrived in India centuries ago.Despite being spread across many regions of the world, their number is limited.They are considered particularly the worshippers of fire, but they also worship the sun, moon, and air.In the old days, the Parsi community gave special emphasis to archery, horse riding, and character-building. Changes in many areas were inevitable over time. Nevertheless, their perseverance on the purity of community and character is more or less still intact .As a community inclined towords preserving their heritage they do not encourage marriage outside their own societies, even if they married in close relationships, so that the purity of the caste could be preserved.This taboo is still present to a great extent.Even mentally,Pa
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Sources of energy notes science||Cbse notes class-10th science

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Source of Energy Notes •Energy comes in different forms and one form can be converted into another. •A source of energy is one which provide adequate amount of energy in a convenient form over a long period of time. Need of energy: • For making Food. • For lightening . • For transport . • For  running machines. • For industrial activities and agricultural work. Qualities of a Good Source of energy 1. which would do a large amount of work per unit mass. 2. Cheap and easily available. 3. Easy to store and transport. 4. Safe to handle and use. 5. Does not cause environmental pollution. Fuels: The materials which are burn to produce heat energy are known  as Fuels E.g wood, cool, LPG, Kerosence. Characteristics of a good fuel • High calorific value (give more heat per unit mass). • Burn without giving out any smoke or harmful gases. • Proper ignition temperature  • cheap and easily  available • Easy to handle , safe to transport. • Convenient to store. • Burn smoothly.     Sourc
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Cbse notes social science class-10th || chapter-4 geography notes

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Cbse notes class-10th social science(geography) Chapter-4 Agriculture Type of Farming , Cropping Pattern, and Major Crops Agriculture means land cultivation.It also includes animal husbandry and Fishing. →At present in different parts of India, the types of farming being carried out are primitive subsistence farming , intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. →Primitive subsistence farming is characterised by small and scattered landholding and use of primitive tools. The farmers do not use fertilisers and high-yield varieties of seeds. →Intensive subsistence farming is carried out in the areas with high population pressure on land . Irrigation, fertilisers, and pesticides are used to get maximum output from limited land .Various machines are introduced. →Commercial farming is characterized by use of higher doses of modern inputs in order to obtain higher productivity. →Plantation farming, a form of commercial farming , involves growing of a single crop on a large area. →I
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Cbse social science notes class-10th chapter-Money and Credit

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Cbse notes social science class-10th  Money And Credit Social chapter(economic)   Money and Credit →In the early times, people used to exchange one Commodity for another, depending on their requirements under the barter system. However, exchanging goods in the barter system required a double Coincidence of wants. →But money eliminates the need for a double coincidence of wants.Since money enables the exchange process, it is called a Medium of exchange. Early forms of money were things of use. → Modern Currency: •Uses paper notes and coins made of  relatively inexpensive metals. •Have no value of its own. •Has a value only because it is authorised by the government of a country. →In India , the Reserve Bank of India is the only legal authority that can issue currency notes and coins on behalf of the Central Government.The Rupee is India's currency and nobody can refuse to accept a payment made in rupees in India. →People deposit their extra cash in bank.A bank in addition to keeping
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Chapter-Globalisation and the Indian Economy

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Cbse notes social science class-10th(economy) →Globalisation means integrating the economy of a country with the economics of the countries under conditions of free flow of trade and capital and movements of persons across borders. →Integration of markets in different countries is known as foreign trade . →Planning Commission in india has laid emphasis on the development of foreign trade in the five year plans due to the following reasons: ●A country can make efficient use of its natural resources. ●It can export its surplus production. ●Further,through effective regularisation of foreign trade ,employment ,output,prices and industrialisation, economic development of a country can properly accelerate. →Investment made by multinational Corporations(MNCs) is called foreign investment. →MNCs playing a major role in the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries. Now more regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a few decades back. →MNCs play a
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