Cbse social science Notes (Political Science) Chapter-1 Power Sharing class-10 Belgium Geographical Position: It is small country in Europe, bordered by the Netherlands, France and Germany. Area and Population: It is smaller in area than the indian state of haryana.Its population is a little over one crore, about half of the state of haryana of the country 's total population. Ethnic Composition:59% live in Flemish region and speak Dutch, 40℅ live in wallonia region and speak French and remaining 1℅ speak German. Capital: Brussels where 80℅ speak  French and 20℅ speak Dutch. → Important Point: In Brussels, the Dutch -speaking people are in a minority which is the opposite for the rest of the country, where they are in majority. → The majority population of French -speaking people was richer than the Dutch -speaking people.The majority Community were given benefits much later.This led to tension between the two communities in the 1950s and 1960s.Tension was more acute in the capital

Cbse Social Science Notes class-10 Chapter-4 Political Parties(Political science) Political Parties-An Introduction (1)what is a Political Parties? →A political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and hold power in the government. →It mobilises voters to support common sets of interest, Concerns and goals. →A political party fixes the political agenda and policies and tries to persuade people by claiming why their policies are better than those of other parties. →A political party is the means through which people can speak to the government and have a say in the governance of any country. →A political party has three Components:(i)the leaders(ii)the active members , and(iii)the followers. (2)Functions →Parties contest elections by putting up candidates. →In some countries, candidates are selected by members and supporters of a party(eg. USA). →In other countries , candidates are chosen by top party leaders -eg., India. →Parties have different policies and

Cbse notes social science class-10th(economy) →Globalisation means integrating the economy of a country with the economics of the countries under conditions of free flow of trade and capital and movements of persons across borders. →Integration of markets in different countries is known as foreign trade . →Planning Commission in india has laid emphasis on the development of foreign trade in the five year plans due to the following reasons: ●A country can make efficient use of its natural resources. ●It can export its surplus production. ●Further,through effective regularisation of foreign trade ,employment ,output,prices and industrialisation, economic development of a country can properly accelerate. →Investment made by multinational Corporations(MNCs) is called foreign investment. →MNCs playing a major role in the process of rapid integration or interconnection between countries. Now more regions of the world are in closer contact with each other than a few decades back. →MNCs play a

Cbse notes social science class-10th  Money And Credit Social chapter(economic)   Money and Credit →In the early times, people used to exchange one Commodity for another, depending on their requirements under the barter system. However, exchanging goods in the barter system required a double Coincidence of wants. →But money eliminates the need for a double coincidence of wants.Since money enables the exchange process, it is called a Medium of exchange. Early forms of money were things of use. → Modern Currency: •Uses paper notes and coins made of  relatively inexpensive metals. •Have no value of its own. •Has a value only because it is authorised by the government of a country. →In India , the Reserve Bank of India is the only legal authority that can issue currency notes and coins on behalf of the Central Government.The Rupee is India's currency and nobody can refuse to accept a payment made in rupees in India. →People deposit their extra cash in bank.A bank in addition to keeping

The Cbse notes social science class-10th Chapter-2  Sector of the Indian Economy (Economic) Sectors of Economic Activities →All activities that gave an income in return are called economic activities.Example , people going for work in factories , banks,schools etc. →Economic activities can be classified into different sectors on the basis of nature of work. • Primary sector: Goods which are produced by exploiting natural resources come under the category of primary sector .This sector is also called agriculture and related sector eg-Cotton which is a natural product. • Secondary sector:  Transformation of one good into another comes under the category of secondary sector. Manufacturing is one of the important components of this sector. Example:  Transformation of sugarcane into sugar. •Tertiary sector: All production units producing services which help in the development of primary and secondary sectors come under the category of tertiary sector.This is known as service sector. Example

Cbse Notes chapter-1 Development Economic National Development Development is the sum total of income plus quality of life. Besides seeking more income one way or another, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others, etc. →Different people have different goals in their life. what may be development for one may not be development for another. This can be understood by the following example:To get more electricity, an industrialist may want more dams. But this may submerge the land and disrupt the lives of people who are displaced, such as tribes. →One common thing among all people is the desire for more income .with this income they buy goods and services for their daily needs.Quality of life depends on non-material things also.For example job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security. →Ideas of development differ at individual and national level .for example, a landless rural labourer may desiree m

Cbse notes class-10 social science Resources and   development(Geography) →Resources:  Natural endowments in the form of land, water, vegetable and minerals are called natural resources. Resources are materials that can be transformed in such a way that they become more valuable and useful for fulfilling human needs. → Resources can be classified in the following ways: (a)On the basis of origin: (i)Biotic-resource obtained from biosphere having life such as human beings, flora and fauna, fisheries etc. (ii)Abiotic-Things which are composed of non-living such as rocks and metals. (b)On the basis of exhaustibility: (i)Renewable-Some resource can be renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical or mechanised processes. For example :solar and wind energy, water forests and wildlife. (ii)Non-renewable-these occur over a very long geological time.Minerals and fossil fuels are examples of such resources. (c)On the basis of Ownership: (i)Individual-these resources are owned by private individual

Cbse notes class-10th social science(geography) Chapter-4 Agriculture Type of Farming , Cropping Pattern, and Major Crops Agriculture means land cultivation.It also includes animal husbandry and Fishing. →At present in different parts of India, the types of farming being carried out are primitive subsistence farming , intensive subsistence farming, and commercial farming. →Primitive subsistence farming is characterised by small and scattered landholding and use of primitive tools. The farmers do not use fertilisers and high-yield varieties of seeds. →Intensive subsistence farming is carried out in the areas with high population pressure on land . Irrigation, fertilisers, and pesticides are used to get maximum output from limited land .Various machines are introduced. →Commercial farming is characterized by use of higher doses of modern inputs in order to obtain higher productivity. →Plantation farming, a form of commercial farming , involves growing of a single crop on a large area. →I

Class-9th Practice paper and important questions for examination. Time 3 Hours Maximum Marks-90 General Instructions: -  1. The question paper has 30 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. 2. Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer questions. Each question carries 1 mark. 3. Questions from serial number 9 to 20 are 3 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 80 words each. 4. Questions from serial number 21 to 26 are 5 marks questions. Answer of these questions should not exceed 120 words each. 5. Question number 27 to 28 is map questions. After completion, attach the map inside your answer book. 6. Questions number 29 to 30 of OTBA are 5 marks each questions. 1. Which community played cricket for the first time in India?    OR What was the cockade? 2. In which type of natural vegetation Silver fur is found?  3. How many seats in Lok Sabha is reserved for Scheduled caste?  4. Who founded the political party Lok Dal ?  5. What is the tenure

Chapter-11 cbse notes for class 10th science Notes The Human eye and The Colourful world Human Eye: The sense organ that helps us to see. →located in eye sockets in skull. →Diameter of eye ball -2.3cm Parts of Human Eye Cornea : It is the outermost , transparent part.It provides most of the refraction of light. Lens: It is composed of a fibrous , jelly like material.Provides the focused real and inverted image of the object on the retina.This is convex lens that converges light at retina. Iris: It is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil. Pupil: It is the window of the eye.It is the central aperture in iris.It regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye. Retina: It is a delicate membrane having enormous number of light sensitive cells. Far Point: The maximum distance at which object can be seen clearly is far point of the eye.For a normal adult eye, its value is infinity. Near point or least distance of distinct vision The minimum distance at wh

Chapter -15 Notes Our Environment  •Everything that surrounds us is environment. It includes both living(biotic) and non-living (abiotic)Components. •Interaction between these biotic and abiotic components forms an ecosystem. •In an ecosystem living components depends on each other for their food which give rise to food chains and food webs in nature. •Human activities lead to environment problems such as depletion of ozone layer and production of huge amount of garbage. Ecosystem All the interacting organisms in an area together with the non-living constituents of the environment from an ecosystem.Eg forest , pond etc. Types of ecosystem: It Is of two types: (a) Natural ecosystem: The ecosystem which exist in nature on its own.Eg forest, lake, Ocean. (b) Artifical ecosystem: Man -made ecosystem are called artificial ecosystem.Eg , crop field, aquarium, garden. (a)Abiotic Components: All the non-living components such as air, land ,  water, light, temperature etc.Form the components. (